HYDRATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ENDURANCE ATHLETE
Practical Guidelines Developed by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute
Endurance athletes know that proper training, recovery, nutrition, and the
right race plan are all important for success. The same is true for hydration.
Proper hydration can not only improve your performance, but is essential
for reducing the risk of heat illness such as heat
exhaustion and hyponatremia (a dangerous condition
caused by a low level of sodium in the blood).
Endurance athletes lose substantial volumes of fluid in sweat, urine, and
respiration, losses that can range from 3 quarts
(liters) to over 10 quarts (liters) of fluid over a training or race day.
Electrolyte loss – especially sodium, the most critical electrolyte lost in
sweat – also varies among athletes, at times
exceeding the equivalent of one teaspoon of salt in a two-hour workout.
Protecting your hydration status is the easiest and most important way to
optimize your performance.
So what should you do about hydration?
The simplest advice is to drink enough during
exercise to minimize dehydration (weight lost during
exercise), but avoid the over-drinking (weight
gain during exercise) that can increase the risk of
hyponatremia.
But how much is enough? That depends on how much sweat you’re losing. You
can develop a good sense of your fluid replacement needs by
stepping on a scale before and after workouts.
If you lose more than 2% of your body weight (e.g., 3 lb for a 150-lb
athlete), increase your fluid intake the next time out. If you’ve gained any
weight at all, cut back in future sessions. After some trial and error, you’ll
become good at gauging your hydration needs under varying conditions.
It’s also important to ensure adequate sodium
intake during periods of heavy training and in the days leading up to races,
as well as on race day. If you are a heavy sweater or if you
finish workouts with your skin and clothes caked with white residue, your diet
should contain enough salt to replace those losses and you should favor sports
drinks with higher sodium, like Gatorade Endurance Formula.
Remember, you’re unique, so don’t copy what others are doing. Some athletes
will need less fluid than you do, while others will need more.
Also, during periods of heavy training, you can help protect your hydration
status by asking yourself three questions each
morning: 1) Am I thirsty? 2) Is my urine dark yellow? 3) Is my body weight
down more than 2% from the day before? If the answer to at
least two of those questions is “yes”, you are probably dehydrated and need to
increase your fluid intake during the day. No need to overdo it though. An
extra quart (liter) or two spread out over the day may be all you’ll need to
restore hydration.
Hydration
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